home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- By popular demand, we are reprinting this article from Usenet.
-
- 2K Cluster size for 10MB and 15MB fixed disks under DOS 3.1
-
- Standard 10mb/15mb fixed disks formatted under DOS 3.1 utilize 4K
- clusters (i.e., the minimum space allocated to any file is 4096
- bytes), while 20mb and larger drives utilize 2K clusters. At
- work, I use a PC with twin 10mb drives under 3.1. Since I have a
- multitude of small files on these disks, the smaller allocation
- unit's space saving advantage far outweighs any theoretical
- disadvantage of additional overhead for DOS to handle the added
- allocation units. With the help of Bob Morse, Jim Gainsley, and
- the DOS technical Reference, I was able to make the changes
- necessary to use 2K clusters on both of my 10mb drives. By
- following the step-by-step instructions below, you will be
- able to make the switch to 2K clusters yourself. The need for
- making a complete backup of all your files prior to attempting
- this procecure cannot be overemphasized. You will need the
- following tools:
-
- 1. DOS version 3.1
-
- 2. A disk utility such as Norton's NU.COM, or equivalent.
-
- Most critical to the process is the sequence in which this
- procedure is atttempted. Here is the 4k to 2k cluster procedure:
-
- 1. Do a complete backup of the drive, using your current version
- of DOS.
-
- 2. Cold boot DOS 3.1 and FDISK the drive to create a partition.
-
- 3. Format the drive using the DOS format program. Don't use any
- parameters ( no /s or /v ).
-
- 4. Using your Norton (or whatever), select the boot sector and
- view it. See below for an explanation of the pertinent info
- in this sector. You should see a value of 08 for sectors per
- cluster, and a value of 0800 for sectors per fat. All
- changes to the fat sectors required for 2k clusters will be
- accomplished by the subsequent format (6,below). No other
- manual changes are required. A more detailed explanation of
- these the two changes:
-
- The number of sectors per cluster would change from
- 08 to 04, since that's what this is all about. The
- sectors per FAT will change, in order to accommodate
- (1) the increased number of possible FAT entries, and
- (2) the increased size of each fat entry (new 16 vs. old
- 12 bits each).
-
-
-
-
-
- 5. Exit Norton and do a cold boot. This is critical, since the
- boot sector is read by DOS only once, at boot time, in order
- to build the BIOS Parameter Block. Having different info in
- the boot sector than what's in the memory-resident BPB will
- cause exceedingly flaky things to happen, as you can imagine.
-
- 6. Reformat the drive using the DOS program, using whatever
- switches that you desire (/s or /v). Format will not affect
- your changes to the boot sector.
-
- 7. Restore your files, remembering to use the new restore switch
- (/p) which prompts before restoring system files. If you
- restore an old version command.com, make sure to copy a 3.x
- version over it afterward. You should now be operational
- again, with 2k clusters.
-
- Example of the first few bytes in the boot sector displayed in
- hex format, after formatting with DOS 3.1, and prior to 2k
- cluster size change.
-
- EB299049 424D2020 332E3100 02080100 020002F3 50F80800
- ^^ ^^
- AA BB
- After the 2k cluster size changes:
- 10 meg drive:
-
- EB299049 424D2020 332E3100 02040100 020002F3 50F81500
- ^^ ^^
- AA BB
-
- To get 1k clusters use the following parameters:
- 10 meg only:
-
- EB299049 424D2020 332E3100 02020100 020002F3 50F82A00
- ^^ ^^
- AA BB
-
- 15 meg drive:
-
- EB299049 424D2020 332E3100 02040100 020002F3 50F82A00
- ^^ ^^^^
- AA BB
-
- Where the data elements directly above AA are sectors per
- cluster, and above BB are sectors per FAT.
-
- Further info on the entries in the boot sector entries use to
- build the BIOS parameter block can be found in the DOS 3.1
- Technical Reference, Page 3-22. Of course, I cannot warrant that
- this chage will work for all controller/disk combinations,
- particularly for controllers and drives which are not "XT
- clones", though it should work for all drives compatible enough
- to work under DOS 3.1
-
- This revision of the original letter that allowed the change to
- 10 meg for 2k clusters is as is. All reference to the 15 meg
- drive and 10 meg 1k cluster changes were thought out by Carver Smith
- and typed in by Carl Shepherd.